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In the 1998 elections, municipalities with more than 40,500 registered voters in 1996 used electronic voting and the others paper ballots; in 1994 every municipality used paper ballots and in 2002 every one voted electronically. Columns: uf, state; voters96, number of registered voters in 1996; r_util98, r_util94, r_util02, valid votes as a share of turnout in the state legislature elections of 1998, 1994 and 2002; attend, turnout as a share of registered voters (1998); regist, registered voters as a share of population (1998); null_est_share and blank_est_share, null and blank votes as a share of turnout (state legislature, 1998); util_pres_share, util_gov_share, util_fed_share, util_sen_share, valid votes as a share of turnout in the presidential, gubernatorial, federal lower chamber and senate elections (1998); right, vote-weighted party ideology; right_meas, votes for parties with measured ideology over total valid votes; right_state, state average of right; illiter, illiteracy rate (percent); less4 and less8, shares without 4 and without 8 years of schooling; gini, Gini index; income, monthly income; latitude; longitude; urbanization, share of urban population; population91 and population00, population in 1991 and 2000 (thousands). The schooling, income, inequality and urbanization variables come from the 1991 census.","file_sha256":"5cd5b8796355e025807dc303263b1fbb16f442c3c7551f14ee3557768a310894","format":"dta","frame_sha256":null,"generator":null,"kind":"file","licence":"Econometric Society supplemental material, copyrighted; fetched, not redistributed.","member":"munic.dta","object":null,"params":{},"path":null,"read_kw":{},"records":null,"role":"agent","sha256":"5cd5b8796355e025807dc303263b1fbb16f442c3c7551f14ee3557768a310894","transforms":[],"url":"https://www.econometricsociety.org/publications/econometrica/2015/03/01/voting-technology-political-responsiveness-and-infant-health/supp/11520_Data_and_Programs.zip"}},"difficulty":"E","id":"paper_repro.fujiwara_2015.tab2_pb_valid02_c2.agent","level":"T2","meta":{"acceptable_tools":["infer.rdd"],"answer_format":{"figure_transform":"identity","round_to":null,"unit_scale":1.0},"cluster":"fujiwara_2015","contamination":{"benchmark_first_public":"2015-03","gold_in_public_repo":true,"model_reported_cutoff":null,"url":"https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA11520"},"expected_tool":"infer.rdd","family":"rd","headline_keys":{"infer.rdd":["effect"]},"kind":"agent","known_deviation":null,"locator":"Table II, Panel B (placebo tests), row 'Valid Votes/Turnout (2002 Election)', column (2), bandwidth 10,000","n_published":229,"paper":"fujiwara_2015","question_states":["cutoff","bandwidth"],"reference":{"cite":1,"steps":[{"args":{"bandwidth":10000,"cutoff":40500,"dataset":"munic","kernel":"uniform","polynomial":1,"running":"voters96","y":"r_util02"},"tool":"infer.rdd","why":"Table II, Panel B (placebo tests), column (2): local linear RD at 40,500 voters, rectangular kernel, bandwidth 10,000, robust errors (munic.do: reg y treat dep deptreat if bw<h, rob)."}]},"se_policy":{"basis":"Table II notes: robust standard errors in parentheses; munic.do runs reg ..., rob.","convention":"heteroskedasticity-robust HC1 (Stata regress, robust)","never_required":false,"stated_in_question":true},"target":"tab2_pb_valid02_c2","trap_tools":[]},"question":"Fujiwara, T. (2015), 'Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence from Brazil', Table II, Panel B (placebo tests), column (2): estimate the jump in valid votes as a share of turnout in the 2002 state legislature elections, when every municipality voted electronically at the threshold of 40,500 registered voters in 1996, above which municipalities voted electronically in the 1998 elections, as a sharp regression discontinuity. This is a placebo: the 2002 election had no discontinuous assignment. Use a local linear regression on each side of the threshold with a rectangular kernel (unweighted observations), a bandwidth of 10,000 registered voters, and heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors. Report the jump at the threshold.","requires":[],"runner":null,"sources":["fujiwara_2015.tab2_pb_valid02_c2.paper","fujiwara_2015.tab2_pb_valid02_c2.software"],"split":"public","suite":"paper_repro","tags":["paper_repro","fujiwara_2015","rd"],"target":"agent","tool":null,"truth":"Fujiwara, T. (2015). Voting Technology, Political Responsiveness, and Infant Health: Evidence From Brazil. Econometrica 83(2): 423-464. Table II, Panel B (placebo tests), row 'Valid Votes/Turnout (2002 Election)', column (2), bandwidth 10,000 (source fujiwara_2015.tab2_pb_valid02_c2.paper); software reference fujiwara_2015.tab2_pb_valid02_c2.software: statsmodels 0.15.0: the reference specification of fujiwara_2015 tab2_pb_valid02_c2 (infer.rdd, figure 'effect') on an independent code path"}