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Columns: rownames, a row number; state, two-letter state code; year; spirits, spirits consumption; unemp, unemployment rate; income, per capita personal income (1987 dollars); emppop, employment to population ratio; beertax, tax on a case of beer (1988 dollars); baptist and mormon, percent of residents Southern Baptist and Mormon; drinkage, minimum legal drinking age; dry, percent of residents in dry counties; youngdrivers, percent of drivers aged 15-24; miles, average miles per driver; breath, jail, service, 'yes' for a preliminary breath test law, mandatory jail sentence and mandatory community service; fatal, number of vehicle fatalities; nfatal and sfatal, night-time and single-vehicle fatalities; fatal1517, fatal1820, fatal2124 and their night-time counterparts, fatalities by age group; afatal, alcohol-involved fatalities; pop, population; pop1517, pop1820, pop2124, population by age group; milestot, total vehicle miles (millions); unempus and emppopus, national unemployment rate and employment ratio; gsp, growth of gross state product. Columns built from the book's definition: fatal_per_pop, fatal divided by pop; frate, the traffic fatality rate, deaths per 10,000 residents (fatal_per_pop times 10,000).","file_sha256":"ae265c1b14b4a023179b3af5db33b6a659ccf804987f26e8349826d4083ee149","format":"csv","frame_sha256":null,"generator":null,"kind":"file","licence":"R package AER (GPL-2 | GPL-3), via Rdatasets; fetched, not redistributed.","member":null,"object":null,"params":{},"path":null,"read_kw":{},"records":null,"role":"agent","sha256":"ae265c1b14b4a023179b3af5db33b6a659ccf804987f26e8349826d4083ee149","transforms":[{"args":{"args":{"left":"fatal","right":"pop"},"name":"fatal_per_pop","op":"ratio"},"op":"derive"},{"args":{"args":{"column":"fatal_per_pop","factor":10000.0},"name":"frate","op":"scale"},"op":"derive"}],"url":"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/vincentarelbundock/Rdatasets/1dcc2bf5f955cc1224a3e1307256e1fe86b68dae/csv/AER/Fatalities.csv"}},"difficulty":"M","id":"paper_repro.stock_watson_fatalities.tab10_1_c2.agent","level":"T2","meta":{"acceptable_tools":["infer.ols","infer.fe"],"alternatives":[{"args":{"dataset":"fatalities","unit":"state","x":["beertax"],"y":"frate"},"note":"infer.fe: the within estimator with errors clustered by state; its coefficient and its CR1 SE equal the reference's (state dummies, statsmodels cluster) to 1e-14 on this panel, checked in the B-join probe","tool":"infer.fe"}],"answer_format":{"figure_transform":"identity","round_to":null,"unit_scale":1.0},"cluster":"stock_watson_fatalities","contamination":{"benchmark_first_public":"2015-01","gold_in_public_repo":true,"model_reported_cutoff":null,"url":"https://www.pearson.com/en-us/subject-catalog/p/introduction-to-econometrics/P200000003500"},"expected_tool":"infer.ols","family":"panel_fe","headline_keys":{"infer.ols":["coef.beertax"]},"kind":"agent","known_deviation":{"evidence":"Recorded before this track's software-reference run and before any dry run on this target; from the stated conventions. Table 10.1 reports errors clustered by state with the convention of Stata's xtreg/areg-style panel output, where the absorbed state effects (nested in the clusters) are not counted in K; infer.ols, by its card, puts fixed effects in as dummies and applies the CR1 correction G/(G-1)\u00b7(N-1)/(N-K) with the dummies counted in K, so its clustered SE is larger by about sqrt((N-1)/(N-K)). The research probe of 2026-10-14 (research-papers.md sections 2.4 and 3.21) found 0.3148 against the printed 0.29 for column (2). 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Report the coefficient on the beer tax.","requires":[],"runner":null,"sources":["stock_watson_fatalities.tab10_1_c2.paper","stock_watson_fatalities.tab10_1_c2.software"],"split":"public","suite":"paper_repro","tags":["paper_repro","stock_watson_fatalities","panel_fe"],"target":"agent","tool":null,"truth":"Stock, J. H. and Watson, M. W. (2015). Introduction to Econometrics, 3rd edition (update) or later; the edition of the reproduced table is not confirmed. Boston: Pearson. Table 10.1 (drunk driving laws and traffic deaths). Table 10.1 (Regression analysis of the effect of drunk driving laws on traffic deaths), column (2) (state effects, no time effects, clustered standard errors), row 'Beer tax' (source stock_watson_fatalities.tab10_1_c2.paper); software reference stock_watson_fatalities.tab10_1_c2.software: statsmodels 0.15.0: the reference specification of stock_watson_fatalities tab10_1_c2 (infer.ols, figure 'coef.beertax') on an independent code path"}