{
  "citation": "Stock, J. H. and Watson, M. W. (2015). Introduction to Econometrics, 3rd edition (update). Boston: Pearson.",
  "deviation_evidence": null,
  "doi": null,
  "excerpt": "(2) TestScore = − 1.10 ⋅ STR − 0.650 ⋅ PctEL (0.43) (0.031)",
  "independent": null,
  "item_set": null,
  "kind": "textbook",
  "known_deviation": null,
  "licence": "Copyright Pearson Education; cited, not reproduced.",
  "locator": "Table 7.1 (class size and test scores), column (2), row 'Student-teacher ratio (X1)'; the regression adding the percentage of English learners",
  "metric": null,
  "n_items": null,
  "page": "slides 4 and 52 of the NTU reproduction (book page not read)",
  "read_copy_sha256": "0d9f829ec53dfbdb4296d182f66c03263090f1044053f74ce9984101d33ec889",
  "retrieved_at": "2026-10-15",
  "se": 0.43,
  "se_as_published": "0.43",
  "source_id": "stock_watson_caschool.tab7_1_c2.paper",
  "tolerance_reason": null,
  "units": "test-score points per student per teacher",
  "url": "https://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~luohm/metrics2022s/multiple2.pdf",
  "value": -1.1,
  "value_as_published": "−1.10",
  "verified_by": "secondary_source",
  "verified_note": "The book itself was not read (not public). Secondary reproduction read on 2026-10-15: Ming-Ching Luoh's course slides 'Linear Regression with Multiple Regressors: Hypothesis Tests' (National Taiwan University, 2022; multiple2.pdf, sha256 0d9f829e...), slide 4, which reprints the book's two California class-size equations with standard errors under the coefficients, (1) 698.9 - 2.28 STR (10.4) (0.52) and (2) ... - 1.10 STR - 0.650 PctEL (8.7) (0.43) (0.031), and slide 52, which calls equation (2) 'Model (2) of Table 7.1'. The same deck prints the intercept of (2) as 696.0 where other reproductions print 686.0, so the deck is not free of typos; the STR cells agree with Giannakopoulos's slides (University of Patras, 2024, Lecture_2.pdf sha256 660d787c..., slide 23: 698.9 - 2.28 STR, (10.4) (0.52)). The book reports heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors throughout these chapters (Stata 'robust', HC1). Equation numbers differ by edition (research-papers.md section 3.6: (4.11) in older editions, (5.8) in later ones); the equation number was not confirmed against the book."
}