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UCDP defines events as organized use of armed force resulting in at least one direct death and classifies state\u2011based, one\u2011sided, and non\u2011state violence. |\n| country | Country or territory corresponding to the observation. The panel spans a broad global sample (about 177 countries). |\n| year | Calendar year of the observation (1997\u20132014). Stored numerically; represents the Gregorian year. |\n\nDataset Context:\nThis global panel links country\u2013year exploration budgets in the mining sector with standardized information on the presence of armed conflict. Exploration spending is compiled by SNL Metals & Mining from company surveys and public financial reports, then aggregated from firm-level entries to the country\u2013year level. The series covers commercially oriented exploration for non\u2011fuel minerals\u2014such as base and precious metals, diamonds, iron ore, rare earths, and uranium\u2014and excludes hydrocarbons. 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