{"part":"task","text":"# Datasets\nPass a dataset's id as the `dataset` argument.\n{\n \"id\": \"ds_0025\",\n \"rows\": 3016,\n \"description\": \"| Variable Name | Description |\\n| --- | --- |\\n| year | Gregorian calendar year of observation. One record per country-year. Coverage varies by country but spans much of 1828\u20132015. |\\n| Countryid | Numeric identifier for countries in the panel. Serves as a stable code to group observations by country across years. |\\n| primratio | Annual primary-school enrollment rate, expressed as a percentage of the resident population ages 5\u201314 enrolled in primary school (public and, where sources report it, private). Series are compiled from historical administrative counts and harmonized to a common 5\u201314 denominator; values are continuous percentages (0\u2013100). |\\n| treatment | Civil-war exposure indicator at the country-year level. Coded 1 from the first year of the earliest intrastate war that directly involved the state onward, and 0 otherwise; war timing is drawn from the Correlates of War intrastate war records. |\\n\\nDataset Context:\\nThis is an annual country\u2013year panel that brings together long-run measures of primary-school enrollment coverage and the timing of internal armed conflict for European and Latin American countries. The schooling series were constructed from historical administrative sources, anchored in International Historical Statistics and cross-checked against widely used decennial benchmarks, then extended backward with national statistical yearbooks, education reports compiled by the U.S. Bureau of Education (1872\u20131915), and regional data handbooks. The resulting enrollment measure reflects the share of children ages 5\u201314 enrolled in primary school each year and is available far earlier than most modern datasets, enabling analysis across the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twenty-first centuries.\\n\\nCivil conflict timing is drawn from the Correlates of War intrastate war dataset, focusing on episodes where the central state was a combatant. For each country, the panel flags the first qualifying episode and then maintains an \u201cever-exposed since onset\u201d indicator thereafter, aligning conflict timing with the annual schooling series.\\n\\nBecause the coverage begins as early as the 1820s for some countries and extends to 2015 for others, the panel spans periods of early state involvement in schooling, subsequent expansion and standardization of primary education, and the modern era of administrative reporting. Start years and continuity differ by country, reflecting when governments first recorded enrollment statistics and when national primary education systems took form. The dataset is suitable for historical description of how primary education coverage evolved over time in relation to episodes of internal conflict documented in comparative records.\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"year\": \"int64\",\n  \"Countryid\": \"int64\",\n  \"primratio\": \"float64\",\n  \"treatment\": \"float64\"\n }\n}\n{\n \"id\": \"ref_adopt\",\n \"rows\": 24,\n \"description\": \"Each country's first year with treatment == 1, among complete rows\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"Countryid\": \"int64\",\n  \"adopt\": \"int64\"\n }\n}\n{\n \"id\": \"ref_panel\",\n \"rows\": 20,\n \"description\": \"Country rows of 1879 and 1890: the 1880 cohort and the countries untreated in both years\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"year\": \"int64\",\n  \"Countryid\": \"int64\",\n  \"primratio\": \"float64\",\n  \"treatment\": \"float64\",\n  \"nyears\": \"int64\",\n  \"adopt\": \"float64\",\n  \"t_pre\": \"float64\",\n  \"t_post\": \"float64\",\n  \"TreatCohort\": \"float64\",\n  \"Post\": \"int64\",\n  \"Interaction\": \"float64\"\n }\n}\n{\n \"id\": \"ref_post\",\n \"rows\": 18,\n \"description\": \"Each country's treatment in 1890 (t_post)\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"Countryid\": \"int64\",\n  \"t_post\": \"float64\"\n }\n}\n{\n \"id\": \"ref_pre\",\n \"rows\": 10,\n \"description\": \"Each country's treatment in 1879 (t_pre)\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"Countryid\": \"int64\",\n  \"t_pre\": \"float64\"\n }\n}\n{\n \"id\": \"ref_years\",\n \"rows\": 18,\n \"description\": \"How many of 1879 and 1890 each country is observed in\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"Countryid\": \"int64\",\n  \"nyears\": \"int64\"\n }\n}"}