{"part":"task","text":"# Datasets\nPass a dataset's id as the `dataset` argument.\n{\n \"id\": \"ds_0044\",\n \"rows\": 40452,\n \"description\": \"| Variable Name  | Description                                                                                 |\\n|----------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\\n| Unnamed/Index  | Row identifier / index column carried over from the source CSV (sequence number).          |\\n| city           | Municipality name and state (lowercase string, e.g., \\\"akron, oh\\\").                         |\\n| YEAR           | Census year (decennial year) for the observation (numeric).                                |\\n| occ            | Occupation class for municipal employment (e.g., \\\"blue_collar\\\", \\\"white_collar\\\", \\\"police\\\").  |\\n| name           | Demographic group label combining race and nativity (e.g., \\\"white_x_native_born\\\").         |\\n| govt           | Proportion (share) of municipal government jobs in this city\u2013year\u2013occupation held by group. |\\n| pop            | Proportion (share) of the municipality's total population comprised by the named group.     |\\n| treat_assign   | Binary indicator whether a statewide legislative mandate applied to the municipality that decade (0/1). |\\n| treat_actual   | Binary indicator whether the municipality had the municipal civil service commission in effect that decade (0/1). |\\n| bandwidth      | Numeric distance in residents between the municipality's population and the state cutoff used in assignment rules. |\\n\\nData Description: This dataset is a municipality-by-decade panel that links full-count U.S. decennial census records (1850\u20131940) on municipal employment and population composition with administrative indicators derived from state statutes and municipal surveys. Each observation identifies a city and census year, an occupation class, and a demographic group, and reports group shares in the municipal population and in the local government workforce; the file also includes binary flags recording whether a state-level mandate applied and whether a municipal civil service commission was in place, plus a numeric distance-from-cutoff measure used for threshold-based comparisons. The underlying sources include full-count census enumerations (industry/occupation and birthplace fields), historical surveys of municipal civil service adoption, and compiled state session-law information assembled to create a harmonized longitudinal dataset on municipal staff composition.\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"city\": \"str\",\n  \"YEAR\": \"float64\",\n  \"occ\": \"str\",\n  \"name\": \"str\",\n  \"govt\": \"float64\",\n  \"pop\": \"float64\",\n  \"treat_assign\": \"float64\",\n  \"treat_actual\": \"float64\",\n  \"bandwidth\": \"float64\"\n }\n}\n{\n \"id\": \"ref_iv\",\n \"rows\": 1686,\n \"description\": \"Blue-collar white native-born rows, complete, with year and city dummies\",\n \"columns\": {\n  \"govt\": \"float64\",\n  \"treat_actual\": \"float64\",\n  \"treat_assign\": \"float64\",\n  \"pop\": \"float64\",\n  \"YEAR\": \"float64\",\n  \"city\": \"str\",\n  \"YEAR_1860.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1870.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1880.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1900.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1910.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1920.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1930.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"YEAR_1940.0\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_albany, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_alexandria, la\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_allentown, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_alliance, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_altoona, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ames, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_amsterdam, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_anniston, al\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_appleton, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_arnold, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ashland, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ashland, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ashtabula, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_atlantic city, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_attleboro, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_auburn, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_augusta, ga\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_barberton, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_batavia, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_baton rouge, la\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_beacon, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_beaver falls, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_bellaire, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_beloit, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_benton harbor, mi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_bethlehem, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_beverly, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_binghamton, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_boise, id\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_boone, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_boston, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_bradford, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_brainerd, mn\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_brockton, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_bucyrus, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_buffalo, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_burlington, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_butler, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cambridge, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cambridge, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_camden, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_campbell, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_canton, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_carbondale, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_casper, wy\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cedar rapids, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_chelsea, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_chester, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cheyenne, wy\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_chicopee, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_chillicothe, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cincinnati, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cleveland heights, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cleveland, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_clifton, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_clinton, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_coatesville, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_coffeyville, ks\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cohoes, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_columbia, sc\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_columbus, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_connellsville, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_corning, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_corpus christi, tx\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cortland, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_coshocton, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_council bluffs, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cudahy, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_cuyahoga falls, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_dallas, tx\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_davenport, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_dayton, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_dearborn, mi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_denver, co\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_des moines, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_dover, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_du bois, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_dubuque, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_dunkirk, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_duquesne, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_east cleveland, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_east liverpool, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_east orange, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_easton, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_eau claire, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_el paso, tx\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_elizabeth, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_elmira, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_elyria, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_endicott, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_erie, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_euclid, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_eugene, or\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_everett, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fall river, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_farrell, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_findlay, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fitchburg, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_floral park, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fond du lac, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fort dodge, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fort madison, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fort smith, ar\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fostoria, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_franklin, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_freeport, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fremont, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_fulton, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_gadsden, al\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_gardner, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_garfield heights, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_gary, in\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_geneva, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_glen cove, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_glens falls, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_gloucester, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_gloversville, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_greeley, co\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_green bay, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_greensburg, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_greenville, sc\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hamilton, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_harrisburg, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hastings, ne\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_haverhill, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hazleton, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hempstead, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hibbing, mn\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_holyoke, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hornell, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_houston, tx\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hudson, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_hutchinson, ks\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ilion, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_indianapolis, in\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_iowa city, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ironton, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_irvington, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ithaca, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_jackson, mi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_janesville, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_jeannette, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_jersey city, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_johnson city, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_johnstown, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_johnstown, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_kansas city, ks\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_kearny, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_kenmore, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_kenosha, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_keokuk, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_kingston, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_klamath falls, or\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_la crosse, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lackawanna, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lafayette, la\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lake charles, la\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lakewood, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lancaster, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lancaster, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lawrence, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lebanon, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_leominster, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lima, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_little falls, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_little rock, ar\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lockport, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lorain, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lowell, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lynbrook, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_lynn, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_madison, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_malden, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_mamaroneck, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_manitowoc, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_mankato, mn\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_mansfield, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_marietta, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_marinette, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_marion, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_marlborough, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_marshalltown, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_martins ferry, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_mason city, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_massillon, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_mckeesport, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_meadville, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_medford, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_melrose, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_middletown, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_middletown, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_milwaukee, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_monroe, la\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_morristown, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_muscatine, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_nanticoke, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_new bedford, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_new castle, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_new philadelphia, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_new rochelle, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_new york, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_newark, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_newark, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_newburgh, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_newburyport, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_newton, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_newton, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_niagara falls, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_niles, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_north adams, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_north little rock, ar\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_north tonawanda, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_northampton, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_norwood, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_nutley, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ogdensburg, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_oil city, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_olean, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_omaha, ne\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_oneida, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_oneonta, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_orange, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_orlando, fl\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_oshkosh, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_oskaloosa, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ossining, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_oswego, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_ottumwa, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_painesville, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_parma, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_parsons, ks\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_paterson, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_peabody, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_peekskill, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_philadelphia, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_pine bluff, ar\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_piqua, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_pittsburgh, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_pittsfield, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_pittston, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_plattsburg, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_pocatello, id\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_port chester, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_port huron, mi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_port jervis, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_portland, or\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_portsmouth, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_pottsville, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_poughkeepsie, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_quincy, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_racine, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_rahway, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_reading, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_revere, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_rochester, mn\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_rochester, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_rome, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_rutherford, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_salem, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_salem, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_salem, or\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_salt lake city, ut\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_san antonio, tx\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_sandusky, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_saratoga springs, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_scranton, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_shaker heights, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_sharon, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_sheboygan, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_shorewood, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_shreveport, la\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_sioux city, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_somerville, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_south milwaukee, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_south orange, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_spartanburg, sc\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_springfield, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_springfield, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_st. augustine, fl\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_st. cloud, mn\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_steubenville, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_stevens point, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_struthers, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_sunbury, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_superior, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_syracuse, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_taunton, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_teaneck, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_tiffin, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_toledo, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_tonawanda, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_topeka, ks\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_trenton, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_troy, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_tuscaloosa, al\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_two rivers, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_union, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_uniontown, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_utica, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_waco, tx\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_waltham, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_warren, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_washington, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_waterloo, ia\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_watertown, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_watertown, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_watervliet, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_waukesha, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_wausau, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_wauwatosa, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_west allis, wi\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_west orange, nj\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_westfield, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_white plains, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_williamsport, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_woburn, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_wooster, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_worcester, ma\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_xenia, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_yonkers, ny\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_york, pa\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_youngstown, oh\": \"int64\",\n  \"city_zanesville, oh\": \"int64\"\n }\n}"}