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The unit of observation is the commuting zone-year, with baseline characteristics recorded at the start of each period and subsequent changes measured over decade-length intervals.\nVariables include:\nczone: Commuting zone identifier\nstatefip: State FIPS code for the commuting zone\ncity: City/metropolitan label linked to the commuting zone\nyr: Calendar year of observation\nt2: Time-period indicator (e.g., 1990-2000 vs. 2000-2007 window)\ntimepwt48: Period weight used for aggregating across time intervals\nreg_midatl: Mid-Atlantic region dummy\nreg_encen: East North Central region dummy\nreg_wncen: West North Central region dummy\nreg_satl: South Atlantic region dummy\nreg_escen: East South Central region dummy\nreg_wscen: West South Central region dummy\nreg_mount: Mountain region dummy\nreg_pacif: Pacific region dummy\nl_popcount: Log working-age population count at baseline\nl_no_workers_totcbp: Log total employment (CBP) at baseline\nl_shind_manuf_cbp: Baseline share employed in manufacturing industries (CBP)\nl_sh_popedu_c: Baseline share of population with college education\nl_sh_popfborn: Baseline share of foreign-born population\nl_sh_empl_f: Baseline female employment share\nl_sh_routine33: Baseline share in routine-task occupations\nl_task_outsource: Baseline task offshorability index (higher = more offshorable)\nl_sh_empl: Baseline employment-to-population share\nl_sh_empl_mfg: Baseline manufacturing employment share\nl_sh_empl_mfg_m: Baseline male manufacturing employment share\nl_sh_empl_mfg_f: Baseline female manufacturing employment share\nl_sh_empl_mfg_edu_nc: Baseline manufacturing share, non-college\nl_sh_empl_mfg_edu_c: Baseline manufacturing share, college\nl_sh_empl_mfg_age1634: Baseline manufacturing share, ages 16-34\nl_sh_empl_mfg_age3549: Baseline manufacturing share, ages 35-49\nl_sh_empl_mfg_age5064: Baseline manufacturing share, ages 50-64\nl_sh_empl_nmfg: Baseline nonmanufacturing employment share\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_m: Baseline male nonmanufacturing employment share\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_f: Baseline female nonmanufacturing employment share\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_edu_nc: Baseline nonmanufacturing share, non-college\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_edu_c: Baseline nonmanufacturing share, college\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_age1634: Baseline nonmanufacturing share, ages 16-34\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_age3549: Baseline nonmanufacturing share, ages 35-49\nl_sh_empl_nmfg_age5064: Baseline nonmanufacturing share, ages 50-64\nl_sh_unempl: Baseline unemployment share\nl_sh_unempl_m: Baseline male unemployment share\nl_sh_unempl_f: Baseline female unemployment share\nl_sh_unempl_edu_nc: Baseline unemployment share, non-college\nl_sh_unempl_edu_c: Baseline unemployment share, college\nl_sh_unempl_age1634: Baseline unemployment share, ages 16-34\nl_sh_unempl_age3549: Baseline unemployment share, ages 35-49\nl_sh_unempl_age5064: Baseline unemployment share, ages 50-64\nl_sh_nilf: Baseline not-in-labor-force share\nl_sh_nilf_m: Baseline NILF share, male\nl_sh_nilf_f: Baseline NILF share, female\nl_sh_nilf_edu_nc: Baseline NILF share, non-college\nl_sh_nilf_edu_c: Baseline NILF share, college\nl_sh_nilf_age1634: Baseline NILF share, ages 16-34\nl_sh_nilf_age3549: Baseline NILF share, ages 35-49\nl_sh_nilf_age5064: Baseline NILF share, ages 50-64\nl_sh_ssadiswkrs: Baseline share on SSDI (disabled workers)\nl_avg_lnwkwage_mfg: Baseline log average weekly wage in manufacturing\nl_avg_lnwkwage_nmfg: Baseline log average weekly wage in nonmanufacturing\nl_trans_totindiv_pc: Baseline per-capita total individual transfers\nl_trans_totmed_pc: Baseline per-capita total Medicare transfers\nl_trans_fedinc_pc: Baseline per-capita federal income assistance\nl_trans_othinc_pc: Baseline per-capita other income assistance\nl_trans_unemp_pc: Baseline per-capita unemployment benefits\nl_trans_taaimp_pc: Baseline per-capita Trade Adjustment Assistance payments\nl_trans_totedu_pc: Baseline per-capita education-related transfers\nl_trans_ssaret_pc: Baseline per-capita Social Security retirement\nl_trans_ssadis_pc: Baseline per-capita Social Security disability\nl_avg_hhincsum_pc_pw: Baseline per-worker average household total income per capita\nl_avg_hhincwage_pc_pw: Baseline per-worker average household wage income per capita\nl_tradeusch_pw: Baseline U.S. imports-from-China exposure per worker\nl_tradeotch_pw: Baseline China exports to other high-income markets exposure per worker\nd_tradeusch_pw: Change in U.S. imports-from-China exposure per worker\nd_tradeotch_pw_lag: Lagged change in China-to-others exposure per worker\nlnchg_popworkage: Log change in working-age population\nlnchg_popworkage_edu_c: Log change in working-age population, college\nlnchg_popworkage_edu_nc: Log change in working-age population, non-college\nlnchg_popworkage_age1634: Log change, ages 16-34\nlnchg_popworkage_age3549: Log change, ages 35-49\nlnchg_popworkage_age5064: Log change, ages 50-64\nd_popcount: Change in population count\nd_sh_empl: Change in employment-to-population share\nd_sh_empl_mfg: Change in manufacturing employment share\nd_sh_empl_nmfg: Change in nonmanufacturing employment share\nd_sh_empl_mfg_m: Change in male manufacturing employment share\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_m: Change in male nonmanufacturing employment share\nd_sh_empl_mfg_f: Change in female manufacturing employment share\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_f: Change in female nonmanufacturing employment share\nd_sh_empl_mfg_edu_nc: Change in manufacturing share, non-college\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_edu_nc: Change in nonmanufacturing share, non-college\nd_sh_empl_mfg_edu_c: Change in manufacturing share, college\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_edu_c: Change in nonmanufacturing share, college\nd_sh_empl_mfg_age1634: Change in manufacturing share, ages 16-34\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_age1634: Change in nonmanufacturing share, ages 16-34\nd_sh_empl_mfg_age3549: Change in manufacturing share, ages 35-49\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_age3549: Change in nonmanufacturing share, ages 35-49\nd_sh_empl_mfg_age5064: Change in manufacturing share, ages 50-64\nd_sh_empl_nmfg_age5064: Change in nonmanufacturing share, ages 50-64\nd_sh_empl_edu_c: Change in overall employment share, college\nd_sh_empl_edu_nc: Change in overall employment share, non-college\nd_sh_unempl: Change in unemployment share\nd_sh_unempl_m: Change in male unemployment share\nd_sh_unempl_f: Change in female unemployment share\nd_sh_unempl_edu_nc: Change in unemployment share, non-college\nd_sh_unempl_edu_c: Change in unemployment share, college\nd_sh_unempl_age1634: Change in unemployment share, ages 16-34\nd_sh_unempl_age3549: Change in unemployment share, ages 35-49\nd_sh_unempl_age5064: Change in unemployment share, ages 50-64\nd_sh_nilf: Change in not-in-labor-force share\nd_sh_nilf_m: Change in NILF share, male\nd_sh_nilf_f: Change in NILF share, female\nd_sh_nilf_edu_nc: Change in NILF share, non-college\nd_sh_nilf_edu_c: Change in NILF share, college\nd_sh_nilf_age1634: Change in NILF share, ages 16-34\nd_sh_nilf_age3549: Change in NILF share, ages 35-49\nd_sh_nilf_age5064: Change in NILF share, ages 50-64\nd_sh_ssadiswkrs: Change in SSDI recipient share\nd_avg_lnwkwage: Change in log average weekly wage (overall)\nd_avg_lnwkwage_c: Change in log average weekly wage, college\nd_avg_lnwkwage_nc: Change in log average weekly wage, non-college\nd_avg_lnwkwage_m: Change in log average weekly wage, male\nd_avg_lnwkwage_f: Change in log average weekly wage, female\nd_avg_lnwkwage_c_m: Change in log average weekly wage, college males\nd_avg_lnwkwage_c_f: Change in log average weekly wage, college females\nd_avg_lnwkwage_nc_m: Change in log average weekly wage, non-college males\nd_avg_lnwkwage_nc_f: Change in log average weekly wage, non-college females\nd_avg_lnwkwage_mfg: Change in log average weekly wage in manufacturing\nd_avg_lnwkwage_mfg_c: Change in log manufacturing wage, college\nd_avg_lnwkwage_mfg_nc: Change in log manufacturing wage, non-college\nd_avg_lnwkwage_nmfg: Change in log average weekly wage in nonmanufacturing\nd_avg_lnwkwage_nmfg_c: Change in log nonmanufacturing wage, college\nd_avg_lnwkwage_nmfg_nc: Change in log nonmanufacturing wage, non-college\nlnchg_no_empl: Log change in number employed\nlnchg_no_empl_mfg: Log change in manufacturing employment count\nlnchg_no_empl_nmfg: Log change in nonmanufacturing employment count\nlnchg_no_empl_mfg_edu_nc: Log change in manufacturing employment, non-college\nlnchg_no_empl_nmfg_edu_nc: Log change in nonmanufacturing employment, non-college\nlnchg_no_empl_mfg_edu_c: Log change in manufacturing employment, college\nlnchg_no_empl_nmfg_edu_c: Log change in nonmanufacturing employment, college\nlnchg_no_unempl: Log change in number unemployed\nlnchg_no_nilf: Log change in number not in labor force\nlnchg_no_ssadiswkrs: Log change in number receiving SSDI\nlnchg_trans_totindiv_pc: Log change in per-capita total transfers\nlnchg_trans_totmed_pc: Log change in per-capita Medicare transfers\nlnchg_trans_fedinc_pc: Log change in per-capita federal income assistance\nlnchg_trans_othinc_pc: Log change in per-capita other income assistance\nlnchg_trans_unemp_pc: Log change in per-capita unemployment benefits\nlnchg_trans_taaimp_pc: Log change in per-capita TAA payments\nlnchg_trans_totedu_pc: Log change in per-capita education transfers\nlnchg_trans_ssaret_pc: Log change in per-capita Social Security retirement\nlnchg_trans_ssadis_pc: Log change in per-capita Social Security disability\nd_trans_totindiv_pc: Change in per-capita total transfers\nd_trans_totmed_pc: Change in per-capita Medicare transfers\nd_trans_fedinc_pc: Change in per-capita federal income assistance\nd_trans_othinc_pc: Change in per-capita other income assistance\nd_trans_unemp_pc: Change in per-capita unemployment benefits\nd_trans_taaimp_pc: Change in per-capita TAA payments\nd_trans_totedu_pc: Change in per-capita education transfers\nd_trans_ssaret_pc: Change in per-capita Social Security retirement\nd_trans_ssadis_pc: Change in per-capita Social Security disability\nrelchg_avg_hhincsum_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker average household total income per capita\nrelchg_avg_hhincwage_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker average household wage income per capita\nrelchg_avg_hhincbusinv_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker average household business/investment income per capita\nrelchg_avg_hhinctrans_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker average household transfer income per capita\nrelchg_avg_hhincrest_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker average household residual income per capita\nrelchg_med_hhincsum_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker median household total income per capita\nrelchg_med_hhincwage_pc_pw: Relative change in per-worker median household wage income per capita\nd_avg_hhincsum_pc_pw: Change in per-worker average household total income per capita\nd_avg_hhincwage_pc_pw: Change in per-worker average household wage income per capita\nd_avg_hhincbusinv_pc_pw: Change in per-worker average household business/investment income per capita\nd_avg_hhinctrans_pc_pw: Change in per-worker average household transfer income per capita\nd_avg_hhincrest_pc_pw: Change in per-worker average household residual income per capita\nd_med_hhincsum_pc_pw: Change in per-worker median household total income per capita\nd_med_hhincwage_pc_pw: Change in per-worker median household wage income per capita\nd_tradex_usch_pw: Change in exposure to U.S. exports to China per worker\nd_tradex_otch_pw_lag: Lagged change in exposure to China's exports to other high-income markets per worker\nd_tradeusch_netinput_pw: Change in net trade exposure per worker using input linkages\nd_inputotch_pw_lag: Lagged change in input-based China-to-others exposure per worker\nd_netimpusch_pw: Change in net imports-from-China exposure per worker\nd_expotch_pw_lag: Lagged change in exposure to Chinese exports per worker\nd_traderes_pw_lag: Lagged change in residual trade exposure per worker\nd_nettradefactor_usch_io: Change in factor-based net trade exposure (U.S.-China, input-output weighted)\nd_tradefactor_otch_lag_io: Lagged change in factor-based China-to-others exposure (IO weighted)\nd_expfactor_otch_lag_io: Lagged change in factor-based China export exposure (IO weighted)\nd_tradeuschlw_pw: Change in low-wage-weighted U.S. import exposure per worker\nd_tradeotchlw_pw_lag: Lagged change in low-wage-weighted China-to-others exposure per worker\nd_tradeuschce_pw: Change in consumption-expenditure-weighted U.S. import exposure per worker\nd_tradeotchce_pw_lag: Lagged change in consumption-expenditure-weighted China-to-others exposure per worker\nd_tradeusce_pw: Change in U.S. consumption-weighted import exposure per worker\nd_tradeotce_pw_lag: Lagged change in others' consumption-weighted China exposure per worker\nd_tradeushi_pw: Change in high-income-weighted U.S. import exposure per worker\nd_tradeothi_pw_lag: Lagged change in high-income-weighted China-to-others exposure per 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