Tarefa crb_papers.q068

Veredito

Pergunta feita ao analista

What is the causal effect of district-level frequency of peasant unrest in 1851-1863 on the statutory share of zemstvo assembly seats allocated to peasants in 1864, for the subgroup of districts whose unrest was shifted by the source of variation used in the study?

Valores esperados e de onde vêm

Verificações

Caminho de referência e caminho do agente

A chamada de referência ao lado da chamada que deu a resposta, argumento por argumento.

Trajetória

Cada evento na ordem em que aconteceu: turnos do modelo, chamadas de ferramentas, guardas, transformações e pontuação.

1. 0Início

   What is the causal effect of district-level frequency of peasant unrest in 1851-1863 on the statutory share of zemstvo assembly seats allocated to peasants in 1864, for the subgroup of districts whose unrest was shifted by the source of variation used in the study?

   ds_0038 (agent)

   | Variable Name | Description | | --- | --- | | masterid | Master row identifier for each district (uezd) observation in the dataset. | | gis_id | Geographic identifier linking the district to GIS polygons. | | atot | Count of years (out of 1851–1863, inclusive) with any recorded peasant disturbance in the district (i.e., number of years with ≥1 event). | | afreq | Proportion of years (1851–1863, inclusive) with any recorded peasant disturbance in the district (i.e., atot / 13; ranges 0–1). | | atsgaorfreq | Alternative/coded measure of disturbance frequency for a specific event category (atsgaor) over 1851–1863. | | alargefreq | Proportion of years (1851–1863, inclusive) with “large” disturbances (events spanning multiple villages and/or districts), ranges 0–1. | | atsgaorlargefreq | Frequency (1851–1863) of “large” events limited to the atsgaor-coded disturbance category. | | tweight_atot | Weighted variant of atot (weighting scheme used in robustness/alternative constructions; see variable prefix `tweight_`). | | tweight_afreq | Weighted variant of afreq (weighting scheme used in robustness/alternative constructions; see variable prefix `tweight_`). | | tweight_atsgaorfreq | Weighted variant of atsgaorfreq. | | tweight_alargefreq | Weighted variant of alargefreq. | | tweight_atsgaorlargefreq | Weighted variant of atsgaorlargefreq. | | recent3_atot | Count of years with any disturbance in the most recent 3-year window immediately preceding the reform period (a 3-year subset of 1851–1863; see prefix `recent3_`). | | recent3_afreq | Proportion of years with disturbance in the recent 3-year window (ranges 0–1). | | recent3_atsgaorfreq | Recent-3-year frequency of atsgaor-coded disturbances. | | recent3_alargefreq | Recent-3-year frequency of large disturbances. | | recent3_atsgaorlargefreq | Recent-3-year frequency of large atsgaor events. | | province | Name/label of the province (guberniia) containing the district. | | uezd | Name/label of the district (uezd). | | expfromstate1880 | Amount or share of local expenditures financed from state sources in 1880 (see also `totalrev1880` and other 1880 finance items). | | expfromuezdzem1880 | Amount or share of local expenditures financed from the uezd/zemstvo budget in 1880. | | expfromso1880 | Amount or share of local expenditures financed from the “so” category in 1880 (source category as recorded in original returns). | | expfromchurch1880 | Amount or share of local expenditures financed by the church in 1880. | | expfromprivateindivid1880 | Amount or share of local expenditures financed by private individuals in 1880. | | expfromstudentfees1880 | Amount or share of local expenditures financed by student fees in 1880. | | longitude | Longitude of district centroid (GIS-derived). | | latitude | Latitude of district centroid (GIS-derived). | | lingpolarf4_1897 | Linguistic polarization index (F4 transformation) computed from the 1897 census. | | lingfrac_1897 | Linguistic fractionalization index computed from the 1897 census. | | sh_russian_1897 | Share of population identifying as Russian (as coded in the 1897 census; typically ranges 0–1). | | sh_largestlingminority_1897 | Share of the largest linguistic minority group (1897; typically ranges 0–1). | | religpolarf4_1870 | Religious polarization index (F4 transformation) based on religious composition circa 1870. | | religfrac_1870 | Religious fractionalization index circa 1870. | | sh_orthodox_1870 | Share Orthodox circa 1870 (typically ranges 0–1). | | sh_muslim_1870 | Share Muslim circa 1870 (typically ranges 0–1). | | sh_catholic_1870 | Share Catholic circa 1870 (typically ranges 0–1). | | sh_largestreligminority_1870 | Share of the largest non-majority religious minority circa 1870 (typically ranges 0–1). | | provincenumber | Numeric code identifying the province. | | uezdnumber | Numeric code identifying the district (uezd). | | russianalphaorder_uezd | Ordering of the uezd in a Russian-alphabetical listing (administrative sort key). | | agshare_1897 | Share of local population/employment in agriculture (1897-based measure; typically ranges 0–1). | | mliteracy_1897 | Male literacy rate (1897; typically ranges 0–1). | | popdens1911 | Population density in 1911 (people per unit area as defined in the source). | | popdens1858 | Population density in 1858 (people per unit area as defined in the source). | | percnobleown_1905 | Percent of land owned by the nobility in 1905 (typically 0–100). | | percnobleown_1877 | Percent of land owned by the nobility in 1877 (typically 0–100). | | totalcommunes_1905 | Number of communes recorded in 1905. | | totalphhs_1905 | Total number of peasant households (as coded `phhs`) in 1905. | | totalnadel_1905 | Total nadel holdings/count (peasant allotment category) in 1905. | | totalpodvcommunes_1905 | Number of podv-type communes in 1905 (administrative category as recorded in sources). | | totalpodvhhs_1905 | Number of households in podv communes in 1905. | | totalpodvdesiatina_1905 | Area of podv holdings in desiatinas (1905). | | perclowering1881 | Percent subject to statutory “lowering”/abatement category in 1881 (typically 0–100). | | obrokshare | Share of serfs paying obrok (monetary/in-kind quitrent) rather than barshchina (labor dues); typically ranges 0–1. | | serfperc1 | Pre-Emancipation serf prevalence: proportion of serfs in the district population in **1858** (typically ranges 0–1). Constructed using serf counts from a pre-1861 tax-census-based source and district population denominators from **Bushen (1863; population for 1858)**, as described in the associated documentation. Multiply by 100 to express as a percentage. | | volpercapexp1881 | Volost-level per-capita expenditures in 1881 (currency units per person as recorded in source). | | sopercapexp1881 | Per-capita expenditures in the “so” category in 1881 (currency units per person as recorded in source). | | peasantrepresentation_1864 | Statutory share of zemstvo district assembly seats allocated to the **third (peasant) curia** under the **1864** statutes (percentage points, 0–100). | | perccroplandp_1881 | Percent of district land area in cropland (circa 1881; typically 0–100). | | manasteries_pre1764 | Count of monasteries established prior to 1764 within the district. | | monasteries_1764ukaz | Number of monasteries recorded under/after the 1764 ukaz (decree). | | monasteries_1786ukaz | Number of monasteries recorded under/after the 1786 ukaz. | | monasteries_1795ukaz | Number of monasteries recorded under/after the 1795 ukaz. | | murbanpopulation_1856 | Male urban population (1856; as reported in the underlying source). | | muezdpopulation_1856 | Male district population (1856; as reported in the underlying source). | | communes_1893 | Number of communes recorded in 1893. | | communesettlements_1893 | Number of settlements within communes in 1893. | | communehhs_1893 | Number of household units in communes in 1893. | | communelandlesshhs_1893 | Number of landless households in communes (1893). | | peasantuglasnye3rdcuria_1883 | Count of peasant uglasnye (elected members/assemblymen) associated with the 3rd curia in 1883. | | totaluglasnye3rdcuria_1883 | Total uglasnye in the 3rd curia in 1883. | | peasantgglasnye3rdcuria_1883 | Count of peasant gglasnye (as coded in the source; related elected/official category) in the 3rd curia in 1883. | | totalgglasnye3rdcuria_1883 | Total gglasnye in the 3rd curia in 1883. | | peasantuupravamembers_1883 | Number of peasant members on local executive councils (uprava) in 1883. | | totaluupravamembers_1883 | Total members on local executive councils (uprava) in 1883. | | eligible1stcuriafulltsenz_1883 | Number eligible to vote in the 1st curia under the full property qualification (tsenz) in 1883. | | eligible1stcuriapartialtsenz_188 | **Name as stored is truncated** (`..._188`). Number eligible to vote in the 1st curia under a partial tsenz rule; corresponds to the same 1883 electoral-return context as the other `*_1883` eligibility/voting variables. | | eligible2ndcuria_1883 | Number eligible to vote in the 2nd (urban) curia in 1883. | | eligible3rdcuria_1883 | Number eligible to vote in the 3rd (peasant) curia in 1883. | | voted1stcuriatotal_1883 | Total votes cast in the 1st curia in 1883. | | voted1stcuriapartialtsenz_1883 | Votes cast under the partial tsenz rule in the 1st curia in 1883. | | voted2ndcuria_1883 | Votes cast in the 2nd curia in 1883. | | voted3rdcuria_1883 | Votes cast in the 3rd curia in 1883. | | curia1reps_1864 | Number of district assembly seats statutorily assigned to the 1st curia under the 1864 statutes. | | curia2reps_1864 | Number of district assembly seats statutorily assigned to the 2nd curia under the 1864 statutes. | | curia3reps_1864 | Number of district assembly seats statutorily assigned to the 3rd (peasant) curia under the 1864 statutes. | | totalprovincialreps_1864 | Total number of provincial representatives under the 1864 statutes (as recorded in the source). | | zelectorrequiredpropertydes_1864 | Descriptor/code for the property requirement for electors under the 1864 zemstvo statutes. | | electoracreageaverage_1864 | Average acreage threshold for electors under the 1864 rules (district-level norm; acreage unit as in source). | | desper1stcuriarep_pre1864 | Desiatinas of land per 1st-curia representative before 1864 (allocation norm; desiatina is a land-area unit). | | desper3rdcuriarep_pre1864 | Desiatinas per 3rd-curia representative before 1864 (allocation norm). | | dummyformixedvalue | Indicator flag for districts with mixed-value allocations or special coding notes. | | fulltsenznobility1889 | Number of nobility eligible under full tsenz in 1889. | | partialtsenznobility1889 | Number of nobility eligible under partial tsenz in 1889. | | fulltsenzother1889 | Full-tsenz eligibles among other classes in 1889. | | partialtsenzother1889 | Partial-tsenz eligibles among other classes in 1889. | | schoolsbefore1856_1894 | Number of schools reported as existing before 1856 (compiled in an 1894 return). | | schools1856to1860_1894 | Number of schools established between 1856–1860 (reported in 1894 materials). | | schoolsbefore1856_rural1894 | Number of rural schools existing before 1856 (1894 compilation; as recorded). | | schools1856to1860_rural1894 | Number of rural schools established 1856–1860 (1894 compilation; as recorded). | | redeemingcommunes_1877 | Number of communes engaged in the land redemption process in 1877. | | redeemingsouls_1877 | Count of “souls” (male redemption units) subject to redemption in 1877. | | redeemingallotmentland_1877 | Area of allotment land undergoing redemption in 1877. | | redeemingarableland_1877 | Area of arable land subject to redemption in 1877. | | obligatedcommunes_1877 | Number of communes that remained temporarily obligated in 1877. | | obligatedsouls_1877 | Number of souls still under temporary obligation in 1877. | | obligatedallotmentland_1877 | Area of allotment land still under obligation in 1877. | | obligatedarableland_1877 | Area of arable land still obligated in 1877. | | yearokladprelowering | Year of the pre-lowering valuation (oklad) used in subsidy/payment calculations. | | yearokladpreperrevisionsoul | Year associated with pre-revision per-soul valuation (administrative valuation year). | | yearokladpreperdesiatina | Year associated with pre-revision per-desiatina valuation. | | totallloweringamount | Total amount of statutory lowering/abatement applied (currency units as recorded in source). | | specialloweringamount | Special category of lowering/abatement amount recorded for the district (currency units as recorded). | | urbanmale_1863 | Male urban population (1863; as recorded in the source). | | urbanfemale_1863 | Female urban population (1863; as recorded in the source). | | districtmale_1863 | Male district population (1863; as recorded in the source). | | districtfemale_1863 | Female district population (1863; as recorded in the source). | | bushensqversti1858 | District area in square versts (1858; from Bushen-related administrative tallies). | | bushenmalepop1858 | Male population in 1858 (Bushen-based administrative tally). | | bushenfemalepop1858 | Female population in 1858 (Bushen-based administrative tally). | | bushendataissues1858 | Indicator flag for data issues noted in the Bushen 1858 returns. | | landnorm_polosa | Categorical code indicating the “polosa” (strip) allotment norm used in the district. | | landnorm_mestnost | Categorical code indicating the local allotment norm (“mestnost”) for land distribution. | | landnorm_highallotment | Indicator that the district used a high allotment norm. | | landnorm_lowallotment | Indicator that the district used a low allotment norm. | | landnorm_law | Legal citation or code describing the landnorm used. | | landnorms_allotmentnormsaremeans | Flag indicating allotment norms were specified as means across the district. | | otherpolosiormestnosti | Text/flag for other local allotment pattern notes (polosi/mestnosti). | | othercomments | Miscellaneous archival comments or coder notes for the district. | | zmedicalexp1883 | Zemstvo medical expenditures in 1883 (currency units as recorded). | | zeducexp1883 | Zemstvo education expenditures in 1883 (currency units as recorded). | | ztotalexp1883 | Total zemstvo expenditures in 1883 (currency units as recorded). | | totalschools1880 | Total number of schools in the district in 1880. | | boysenrolled1880 | Number of boys enrolled in schools in 1880. | | girlsenrolled1880 | Number of girls enrolled in schools in 1880. | | percenrolledm1880 | Percent of boys enrolled in 1880 (typically 0–100). | | percenrolledf1880 | Percent of girls enrolled in 1880 (typically 0–100). | | totalrev1880 | Total revenue recorded for 1880 (currency units as recorded). | | peasantpop_1880 | Peasant population in 1880 (count of persons as recorded). | | otherclasses_1880 | Population of other social classes in 1880 (count of persons as recorded). | | constables_1880 | Number of constables (local law enforcement) in 1880. | | deputies_1880 | Number of deputies (local officials) in 1880. | | literatevolostelders_1880 | Number of literate volost elders in 1880. | | illiteratevolostelders_1880 | Number of illiterate volost elders in 1880. | | literatesoelders_1880 | Number of literate elders in “so” structures (1880; category as recorded). | | illiteratesoelders_1880 | Number of illiterate elders in “so” structures (1880; category as recorded). | | factories_1868 | Number of factories operating in the district in 1868. | | factoryworkers_1868 | Number of factory workers in 1868. | | factoryproduction_1868 | Recorded value/volume of factory production in 1868 (units as recorded). | | totalmarkets_1867 | Number of markets in 1867. | | markets50000_1867 | Count of markets with turnover above 50,000 in 1867 (threshold units as recorded). | | sales50000_1867 | Market sales above the 50,000 threshold in 1867 (value/count as recorded). | | recruitheightmms1870s | Mean recruit height in millimeters (1870s recruitment records). | | total1877_owners | Total number of landowners recorded in 1877. | | total1877_privland | Total private land area (or aggregate) recorded in 1877 (area units as recorded, often desiatinas). | | totalarable_1877 | Total arable land area in 1877 (area units as recorded). | | nobilityprivless10_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding <10 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydesprivless10_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings <10 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv10to20_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 10–20 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv10to20_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 10–20 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv20to30_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 20–30 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv20to30_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 20–30 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv30to40_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 30–40 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv30to40_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 30–40 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv40to50_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 40–50 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv40to50_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 40–50 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv50to100_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 50–100 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv50to100_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 50–100 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv100to200_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 100–200 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv100to200_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 100–200 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv200to300_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 200–300 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv200to300_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 200–300 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv300to400_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 300–400 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv300to400_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 300–400 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv400to500_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 400–500 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv400to500_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 400–500 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv500to1000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 500–1000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv500to1000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 500–1000 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv1000to2000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 1000–2000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv1000to2000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 1000–2000 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv2000to3000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 2000–3000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv2000to3000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 2000–3000 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv3000to4000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 3000–4000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv3000to4000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 3000–4000 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv4000to5000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 4000–5000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv4000to5000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 4000–5000 in 1877. | | nobilitypriv5000to10000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding 5000–10000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydespriv5000to10000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings 5000–10000 in 1877. | | nobilityprivmore10000_1877 | Number of noble landowners holding >10,000 desiatinas in 1877. | | nobilitydesprivmore10000_1877 | Area (desiatinas) for noble holdings >10,000 in 1877. | | total1877arableland_nobility | Total arable land area held by the nobility in 1877 (area units as recorded). | | totalnobility1877_owners | Total number of noble landowners in 1877. | | totalnobility1877_privland | Total private land held by nobility in 1877 (area units as recorded). | | malehhserfs_1857 | Number of male household serfs in 1857. | | femalehhserfs_1857 | Number of female household serfs in 1857. | | maleserfs_1857 | Total male serfs in 1857. | | femaleserfs_1857 | Total female serfs in 1857. | | v164 | Auxiliary/constructed variable (v164) used in coding/diagnostics (author-created). | | v165 | Auxiliary/constructed variable (v165). | | v166 | Auxiliary/constructed variable (v166). | | v167 | Auxiliary/constructed variable (v167). | | v168 | Auxiliary/constructed variable (v168). | | v169 | Auxiliary/constructed variable (v169). | | nonnadelhhs1905 | Number of non-nadel households recorded in 1905. | | nonnadeldesiatina1905 | Non-nadel land area in desiatinas (1905). | | totalland_desiatina1905 | Total land area in desiatinas (1905). | | communes_1877 | Number of communes recorded in 1877. | | perccommunalown_1877 | Percent of land under communal ownership in 1877 (typically 0–100). | | totalland_desiatina1877 | Total land area in desiatinas (1877). | | curia1reps_1890 | Number of seats allocated to the 1st curia after the 1890 reform. | | curia2reps_1890 | Number of seats allocated to the 2nd curia after the 1890 reform. | | curia3reps_1890 | Number of seats allocated to the 3rd curia after the 1890 reform. | | totalprovincialreps_1890 | Total provincial representatives after the 1890 adjustments. | | curia1and2together_1890 | Indicator that curiae 1 and 2 were treated jointly in the 1890 allocation (as coded). | | zelectorrequiredpropertydes_1890 | Descriptor/code for the property requirement for electors under the 1890 rules. | | householdserfs_1859 | Count of household serfs in 1859. | | barshchinaserfs_1859 | Count of serfs subject to barshchina (labor obligations) in 1859. | | obrokserfs_1859 | Count of serfs subject to obrok (monetary payments) in 1859. | | urbanmpop1883 | Male urban population in 1883. | | urbanfpop1883 | Female urban population in 1883. | | ruralmpop1883 | Male rural population in 1883. | | ruralfpop1883 | Female rural population in 1883. | | malepeasantpop_1881 | Male peasant population in 1881. | | femalepeasantpop_1881 | Female peasant population in 1881. | | volostexpendtotal_1881 | Total volost expenditures in 1881 (currency units as recorded). | | soexpendtotal_1881 | Total expenditures in the “so” category in 1881 (currency units as recorded). | | volostexpendeducation_1881 | Volost education expenditures in 1881 (currency units as recorded). | | volostexpendmedical_1881 | Volost medical expenditures in 1881 (currency units as recorded). | | zavgoblozhsoland_1885 | Average state-imposed tax/obligation on state land in 1885 (units as recorded). | | zavgoblozhprivateland_1885 | Average tax/obligation on private land in 1885 (units as recorded). | | schoolexpfromstate1880 | Share or amount of school spending financed by the state (1880). | | schoolexpfromuezdzem1880 | Share or amount of school spending financed by uezd/zemstvo (1880). | | schoolexpfromso1880 | Share or amount of school spending financed by the “so” category (1880). | | schoolexpfromchurch1880 | Share or amount of school spending financed by the church (1880). | | schoolexpfromprivateindivid1880 | Share or amount of school spending financed by private individuals (1880). | | schoolexpfromstudentfees1880 | Share or amount of school spending financed by student fees (1880). | | obligpeasantland1895 | Area of peasant land under obligation category in 1895 (area units as recorded). | | kaznedoim1895 | State (kazna) revenue arrears (“nedoimka”) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | kazoklad1895 | State (kazna) tax assessment/quota (oklad) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | zemnedoim1895 | Zemstvo revenue arrears (“nedoimka”) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | zemoklad1895 | Zemstvo tax assessment/quota (oklad) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | volostnedoim1895 | Volost revenue arrears (“nedoimka”) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | volostoklad1895 | Volost tax assessment/quota (oklad) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | sonedoim1895 | “So” category revenue arrears (“nedoimka”) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). **Column name in this file is `sonedoim1895`; some external materials/scripts may contain a misspelling `sonegoim1895`.** | | sooklad1895 | “So” category tax assessment/quota (oklad) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | insurancenedoim1895 | Insurance revenue arrears (“nedoimka”) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | insuranceoklad1895 | Insurance tax assessment/quota (oklad) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | kazsubmited1895 | Amount submitted/paid to state (kazna) in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | zemsubmited1895 | Amount submitted/paid to zemstvo in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | volostsubmited1895 | Amount submitted/paid to volost in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | sosubmited1895 | Amount submitted/paid to “so” category in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | insurancesubmited1895 | Amount submitted/paid to insurance fund in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | totalsubmited1895 | Total amount submitted/paid across sources in 1895 (currency units as recorded). | | totalobligatedselenie1895 | Total obligated settlements (selenie) in 1895 (count as recorded). | | seleniewithnedoim1895 | Number or share of settlements with arrears (nedoimka) in 1895 (as recorded). | | distance_moscow | GIS-derived distance from the district centroid to Moscow (distance units as stored in the dataset; typically kilometers). | | pctsoilARa | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type ARa (typically ranges 0–1). | | pctsoilARb | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type ARb. | | pctsoilARh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type ARh. | | pctsoilCHh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CHh (Chernozem group). | | pctsoilCHk | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CHk (Chernozem group). | | pctsoilCHl | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CHl (Chernozem group). | | pctsoilCHw | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CHw (Chernozem group). | | pctsoilCLh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CLh. | | pctsoilCLl | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CLl. | | pctsoilCMc | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CMc. | | pctsoilCMd | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CMd. | | pctsoilCMe | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CMe. | | pctsoilCMg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CMg. | | pctsoilCMu | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CMu. | | pctsoilCMx | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type CMx. | | pctsoilDS | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type DS. | | pctsoilFLc | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type FLc. | | pctsoilFLd | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type FLd. | | pctsoilFLe | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type FLe. | | pctsoilFLm | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type FLm. | | pctsoilFLt | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type FLt. | | pctsoilFLu | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type FLu. | | pctsoilGLd | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GLd. | | pctsoilGLe | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GLe. | | pctsoilGLi | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GLi. | | pctsoilGLk | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GLk. | | pctsoilGLm | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GLm. | | pctsoilGLu | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GLu. | | pctsoilGRh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type GRh (Greyzem group). | | pctsoilHSf | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type HSf (Histosol group). | | pctsoilHSi | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type HSi (Histosol group). | | pctsoilHSl | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type HSl (Histosol group). | | pctsoilHSs | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type HSs (Histosol group). | | pctsoilKSh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type KSh (Kastanozem group). | | pctsoilKSk | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type KSk (Kastanozem group). | | pctsoilKSl | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type KSl (Kastanozem group). | | pctsoilLPd | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LPd. | | pctsoilLPk | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LPk. | | pctsoilLPm | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LPm. | | pctsoilLPq | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LPq. | | pctsoilLVg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LVg. | | pctsoilLVh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LVh. | | pctsoilLVj | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LVj. | | pctsoilLVk | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type LVk. | | pctsoilPDd | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PDd. | | pctsoilPDe | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PDe. | | pctsoilPDg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PDg. | | pctsoilPDj | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PDj. | | pctsoilPHc | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PHc (Phaeozem group). | | pctsoilPHg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PHg (Phaeozem group). | | pctsoilPHh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PHh (Phaeozem group). | | pctsoilPHl | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PHl (Phaeozem group). | | pctsoilPLd | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PLd. | | pctsoilPLe | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PLe. | | pctsoilPLm | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PLm. | | pctsoilPZb | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PZb. | | pctsoilPZf | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PZf. | | pctsoilPZg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PZg. | | pctsoilPZh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type PZh. | | pctsoilRGc | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type RGc. | | pctsoilRGi | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type RGi. | | pctsoilRK | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type RK. | | pctsoilSCg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type SCg. | | pctsoilSCh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type SCh. | | pctsoilSNg | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type SNg. | | pctsoilSNh | Share of district land area classified as FAO soil type SNh. | | goodsoil | Constructed “fertile soil” measure: **share of district land area** in FAO soil groups classified as fertile in the associated documentation (typically ranges 0–1). This composite is constructed from the `pctsoil*` shares by summing the shares in the relevant FAO soil groups (Chernozem: `pctsoilCH*`; Greyzem: `pctsoilGRh`; Histosol: `pctsoilHS*`; Kastanozem: `pctsoilKS*`; Phaeozem: `pctsoilPH*`; Vertisol if present in the underlying FAO layer for the sample). | | blacksoil | Share of district area classified as black soil / Chernozem (constructed from relevant `pctsoilCH*` types; typically 0–1). | | urban | Constructed urban-population variable based on 1863 counts: `urbanmale_1863 + urbanfemale_1863 + 1`. The one-person offset is already included in the stored values. | | rural | Rural population in 1863 (count of persons), constructed as `districtmale_1863 + districtfemale_1863`. | | population | Constructed total district population for 1863: `urban + rural`. This includes the one-person offset already present in `urban`. | | lnurban | Natural logarithm of the stored `urban` column (1863 urban population with the one-person offset). | | lnpopn | Natural logarithm of the stored `population` column (1863 total district population, including the inherited one-person offset). This is not the logarithm of rural population. | | urban_late | Urban population measure from a later reference period (see suffix `_late`; counts as recorded). | | rural_late | Rural population measure from a later reference period (see suffix `_late`; counts as recorded). | | population_late | Total population measure from a later reference period (see suffix `_late`; counts as recorded). | | province_capital | Indicator for whether the district contains the **provincial (guberniia) capital city**: 1 = yes, 0 = no. | | zemstvo | Indicator for whether a zemstvo institution was established in the district under the relevant statutes: 1 = yes, 0 = no. | | schools_1856 | Number of schools recorded in 1856 (as compiled in the underlying source). | | schools_1860 | Number of schools recorded circa 1860 (as compiled in the underlying source). | | schools_1880 | Number of schools recorded in 1880. | | lnschools_1860 | Natural log of the number of schools (circa 1860). | | schools_1860_pc | Schools per capita in 1860 (population-standardized). | | ch_schools_pc | Church-run schools per capita (year/source as in underlying compilation). | | latitude2 | Secondary latitude coordinate (alternate centroid/GIS reference). | | longitude2 | Secondary longitude coordinate (alternate centroid/GIS reference). | | ProvinceNumber | Alternative province numeric code (duplicate/auxiliary). | | ahat_ryefreq0 | Predicted value from a diagnostic model variant for unrest frequency (constructed output). | | ahat_ryefreq1 | Predicted value from diagnostic model variant 1 for unrest frequency. | | ahat_ryefreq2 | Predicted value from diagnostic model variant 2 for unrest frequency. | | ahat_ryefreq3 | Predicted value from diagnostic model variant 3 for unrest frequency. | | aresid_ryefreq0 | Residual from diagnostic model variant 0 for unrest frequency. | | aresid_ryefreq1 | Residual from diagnostic model variant 1 for unrest frequency. | | aresid_ryefreq2 | Residual from diagnostic model variant 2 for unrest frequency. | | aresid_ryefreq3 | Residual from diagnostic model variant 3 for unrest frequency. | | ahat_ryeprobitfreq | Predicted value from a probit diagnostic for unrest frequency. | | aresid_ryeprobitfreq | Residual from the probit diagnostic for unrest frequency. | | edshare | Share of spending allocated to education in local budgets (share/percent as stored; see underlying finance variables for year). | | medshare | Share of spending allocated to medical/public-health in local budgets (share/percent as stored; see underlying finance variables for year). | | nozemstvo | Binary flag indicating districts without a zemstvo institution (1 = no zemstvo; 0 = zemstvo). | | serf_nozem | Constructed indicator combining serf prevalence with lack of zemstvo (coding/analysis flag). | | relig_nozem | Constructed indicator combining religious composition with lack of zemstvo (coding/analysis flag). | | redist | Administrative/constructed measure related to redistribution/relief (as coded in source/compilation). | | atot_pc | `atot` normalized per capita (units depend on denominator used; see construction in underlying scripts/notes). | | afreq_nozem | `afreq` calculated for the subset of districts without a zemstvo (see `nozemstvo`). | | alargefreq_nozem | `alargefreq` measured in the subset of no-zemstvo districts. | | atsgaorfreq_nozem | `atsgaorfreq` measured in the subset of no-zemstvo districts. | | napoleonic_occupation_1812 | **Not included as a column in this dataset extract.** In the underlying research context for these data, this is a binary district indicator equal to 1 if any portion of the district was occupied by French troops during the 1812 campaign (advance to or retreat from Moscow), 0 otherwise. | Dataset Context: This is a district-level historical dataset covering many parts of European Imperial Russia across the mid-19th through early-20th centuries. It combines an event chronicle of rural disturbances coded at the district-year level and aggregated into multi-year summary measures (including the 1851–1863 window described in the documentation), statutory allocations and electoral records for zemstvo institutions (notably the 1864 statutes, with additional later-year returns such as the 1880s and 1890s), and a wide range of demographic, landholding, fiscal, educational, and geospatial covariates derived from contemporary sources and later compilations. The `urban`, `rural`, and `population` variables are constructed from 1863 population counts published in an 1866 statistical compilation. The stored `urban` variable includes a one-person offset; `population = urban + rural` inherits that offset. The log columns are `lnurban = ln(urban)` and `lnpopn = ln(population)`. These population variables are distinct from the 1858 administrative population figures used as denominators for the pre-Emancipation serfdom-prevalence measure, which combines those earlier figures with serf counts from a pre-1861 tax-census-based statistical source. Geographic and environmental covariates include GIS-derived centroids (latitude/longitude), distance to Moscow, and district land shares in FAO soil categories (from a modern gridded soil layer) that are overlaid on historical district boundaries; a single composite “fertile soil” measure is provided as a constructed share based on a set of FAO soil groups. Many variables are year-stamped in their names (e.g., `*_1864`, `*_1880`, `*_1883`, `*_1890`, `*_1895`) to indicate the reference year of the underlying return/compilation. Measures appear in a mix of counts, shares, and percentages; shares are often stored as fractions between 0 and 1, while some “perc*” variables are stored as 0–100 percentages (as indicated in their descriptions). Some variable names reflect original-source labeling and are preserved even when truncated or inconsistently spelled (e.g., `eligible1stcuriapartialtsenz_188` and the noted `sonedoim1895` spelling).

   file e4bdf2c7df8837fce24d7050f4cf184147b436fae5ad12c72dec15611496e365 · frame —

   ref_iv (reference)

   file e4bdf2c7df8837fce24d7050f4cf184147b436fae5ad12c72dec15611496e365 · frame —

   1. select {"columns":["peasantrepresentation_1864","afreq","religpolarf4_1870","distance_moscow","goodsoil","lnurban","lnpopn","province_capital"]}
   2. dropna {"columns":["peasantrepresentation_1864","afreq","religpolarf4_1870","distance_moscow","goodsoil","lnurban","lnpopn","province_capital"]}
2. 1Transformação
   ref_iv · select {"columns":["peasantrepresentation_1864","afreq","religpolarf4_1870","distance_moscow","goodsoil","lnurban","lnpopn","province_capital"]}

   504 → 504 linhas

   Frame antes → depois: 66457627399d → fac560cf6f91
3. 2Transformação
   ref_iv · dropna {"columns":["peasantrepresentation_1864","afreq","religpolarf4_1870","distance_moscow","goodsoil","lnurban","lnpopn","province_capital"]}

   504 → 361 linhas

   Frame antes → depois: fac560cf6f91 → 183c4541ea0d
4. 3Turno do modelo
   call_70125b8creferenceFim: tool_use0 ms0 de entrada · 0 de saída · 0 de raciocínio · 0 em cache

   Texto visível

   IV2SLS.from_formula('peasantrepresentation_1864 ~ 1 + controls + [afreq ~ religpolarf4_1870]').fit(cov_type='robust')

   Chamadas pedidas

   • infer.iv_2sls

     {
       "dataset": "ref_iv",
       "endog": [
         "afreq"
       ],
       "exog": [
         "distance_moscow",
         "goodsoil",
         "lnurban",
         "lnpopn",
         "province_capital"
       ],
       "instruments": [
         "religpolarf4_1870"
       ],
       "se": "HC1",
       "y": "peasantrepresentation_1864"
     }

   Mensagens (formato neutro)Instruções do sistemaFerramentas oferecidas
5. 4Ferramenta
   infer.iv_2slsv0.1.0call_20dfcb08decidido pelo modeloreexecutável

   Motivo: IV2SLS.from_formula('peasantrepresentation_1864 ~ 1 + controls + [afreq ~ religpolarf4_1870]').fit(cov_type='robust')

   Argumentos

   {
     "cluster": null,
     "dataset": "ref_iv",
     "endog": [
       "afreq"
     ],
     "exog": [
       "distance_moscow",
       "goodsoil",
       "lnurban",
       "lnpopn",
       "province_capital"
     ],
     "instruments": [
       "religpolarf4_1870"
     ],
     "level": 0.95,
     "se": "HC1",
     "subset": null,
     "y": "peasantrepresentation_1864"
   }

   Figuras call_20dfcb08

   Chave	Valor	Valor bruto	Erro-padrão	IC
   coef.afreq 2SLS effect of afreq on peasantrepresentation_1864	-32,7701	-32.7701168258498	17,351817.351763911032865	-66,8956 – 1,35539

   Diagnósticos

   • first_stage_F.afreq = 14,082814.082840104770588
   • partial_r2.afreq = 0,03284960.03284956675898265
   • weak_instrument = false
   • n_obs = 361361
   • se_type = "HC1"
   • n_clusters = —

   Tabelas (3)

   {
     "coefficients": [
       {
         "ci_high": 15.676104737654498,
         "ci_low": -51.10696018187281,
         "coef": -17.715427722109155,
         "p": 0.29747518074914137,
         "se": 16.97856203812864,
         "t": -1.043399769799453,
         "term": "Intercept"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 1.9408428209808983,
         "ci_low": -12.742626997510925,
         "coef": -5.400892088265014,
         "p": 0.14884365818992995,
         "se": 3.7330452495503335,
         "t": -1.446779164789278,
         "term": "distance_moscow"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 6.642036736816152,
         "ci_low": -0.44102144209049854,
         "coef": 3.100507647362827,
         "p": 0.0859830913877492,
         "se": 1.8007580642660366,
         "t": 1.7217791267404652,
         "term": "goodsoil"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": -0.9946485100004325,
         "ci_low": -3.1766754431962623,
         "coef": -2.0856619765983475,
         "p": 0.00019898130705389423,
         "se": 0.5547466217487163,
         "t": -3.759665935456729,
         "term": "lnurban"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 11.090567409874483,
         "ci_low": 4.102693274808445,
         "coef": 7.596630342341464,
         "p": 0.000024501266303555757,
         "se": 1.7765589923106662,
         "t": 4.276036076044383,
         "term": "lnpopn"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": -1.4594708933813791,
         "ci_low": -7.919420055348169,
         "coef": -4.689445474364774,
         "p": 0.004552518496246562,
         "se": 1.6423422276556785,
         "t": -2.85534001099065,
         "term": "province_capital"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 1.355387240292572,
         "ci_low": -66.89562089199217,
         "coef": -32.7701168258498,
         "p": 0.05976606617467286,
         "se": 17.351763911032865,
         "t": -1.8885755358285734,
         "term": "afreq"
       }
     ],
     "first_stage": [
       {
         "ci_high": 0.18267778894307785,
         "ci_low": 0.05704563744090772,
         "coef": 0.11986171319199279,
         "endog": "afreq",
         "instrument": "religpolarf4_1870",
         "p": 0.00020436656822949488,
         "se": 0.03194003271388446,
         "t": 3.752711034008692
       }
     ],
     "reduced_form": [
       {
         "ci_high": -0.24714552256938127,
         "ci_low": -7.608619165926828,
         "coef": -3.9278823442481046,
         "instrument": "religpolarf4_1870",
         "p": 0.036547605731847226,
         "se": 1.8715408928356496,
         "t": -2.0987424636481258
       }
     ]
   }

   Digests dos dados

   ref_iv 183c4541ea0da3b0b95ff5cf74656e856a68c75f38c61aaaae6b2f40323f11ee

   sha256 do resultado

   819abee3db4c45b606a2550e9407c6db8534822f2fe932e7fc536b54dd4b9a5b

   Resultado mostrado ao modelo
6. 5Turno do modelo
   call_aaed2812referenceFim: tool_use0 ms0 de entrada · 0 de saída · 0 de raciocínio · 0 em cache

   Chamadas pedidas

   • submit_answer (meta-ferramenta)

     {
       "answer": "Estimativa (infer.iv_2sls): coef.afreq = -32,77. Reference path transcribed from the item's own estimation script.",
       "caveats": [],
       "figure_refs": [
         "call_20dfcb08:coef.afreq"
       ]
     }

   Mensagens (formato neutro)Instruções do sistemaFerramentas oferecidas
7. 6Guarda
   resposta aceita

   Números encontrados

   -32,77

   Sem lastro

   —

   Não citados

   —

   1 nova(s) tentativa(s) restante(s)
8. 7Resposta

   Estimativa (infer.iv_2sls): coef.afreq = -32,77. Reference path transcribed from the item's own estimation script.

   Figuras citadas: call_20dfcb08:coef.afreq · Parada: answered

   Figura da resposta: call_20dfcb08:coef.afreq = -32,7701-32.7701168258498 (se 17,351817.351763911032865)
9. 8Pontuação
   #0resposta com lastropassouobrigatóriaevery number backed
10. 9Pontuação
    #1figura da resposta próximapassouobrigatória-32.77011683 in [-66.4482284, 0.9079947503]?
11. 10Pontuação
    #2figura da resposta próximapassouregistrada-32.77011683 vs -32.770116825842706
12. 11Pontuação
    #3figura da resposta próximafalhouregistrada17.35176391 vs 17.18270998782541

Épocas × verificações

Tentativas

Cada tentativa é seu próprio arquivo e é publicada; só a última de cada época é pontuada.

• época 1, tentativa 1passoupontuada(exibindo)

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