Tarefa crb_papers.q066

Veredito

Pergunta feita ao analista

What is the causal effect of an additional unit of educational attainment (one category on the 7-point edu scale, ~2-4 years) on noncontentious political participation (the participation scale, 0-1) for individuals born 1959-1971 who were induced to attain more schooling by the 1980 expansion of secondary education (i.e., the complier population among these cohorts)?

Valores esperados e de onde vêm

Verificações

Caminho de referência e caminho do agente

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Trajetória

Cada evento na ordem em que aconteceu: turnos do modelo, chamadas de ferramentas, guardas, transformações e pontuação.

1. 0Início

   What is the causal effect of an additional unit of educational attainment (one category on the 7-point edu scale, ~2-4 years) on noncontentious political participation (the participation scale, 0-1) for individuals born 1959-1971 who were induced to attain more schooling by the 1980 expansion of secondary education (i.e., the complier population among these cohorts)?

   ds_0036 (agent)

   | Variable Name | Description | |---------------|-------------| | row_id | Internal row/case identifier (original CSV index). | | age | Respondent age in years at the time of interview. | | year_survey | Survey round year (e.g., 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010, 2012). | | voted | Binary indicator for whether the respondent reported voting in the most recent national election. | | contacted_local_govt | Binary indicator for whether the respondent reported contacting their local government/councilor. | | district | Name of the respondent’s sampled administrative district. | | events | Count of recorded political/conflict events linked to the respondent’s district (administrative-level event tally). | | d_incumbent | District-level share (proportion) of votes for the incumbent party/candidate at the most recent relevant election. | | d_turnout | District-level turnout proportion at the most recent relevant election. | | year_birth | Respondent birth year. | | good_own_liv_cond | Self-reported indicator that respondent rates their living conditions as good. | | gift_for_vote | Binary indicator for whether the respondent reported receiving a gift linked to voting or campaign activity. | | freedom_vote | Indicator capturing the respondent’s perception that their vote was free (perceived electoral freedom). | | find_out_vote | Indicator of whether the respondent sought out information about the election/voting (e.g., to find out results or how to vote). | | att_comm_meet | Binary indicator for attendance at a local/community meeting in the past 12 months. | | raise_issue | Binary indicator for whether the respondent reports raising an issue at a community meeting. | | close_inc_party | Indicator for feeling close to the incumbent party (self-reported party closeness to ruling party). | | close_main_opp_party | Indicator for feeling close to the main opposition party (self-reported closeness). | | fear | Self-reported indicator of fear of political violence or repression (response to safety/fear question). | | int_pub_aff | Indicator of interest in public affairs or politics (self-reported political interest). | | employed | Binary indicator for current employment status. | | supp_demo | Indicator for expressed support for democracy (attitudinal item). | | only_national_identity | Indicator that respondent identifies only with a national identity (vs. ethnic/local identity). | | some_national_identity | Indicator that respondent expresses some national identity (as opposed to exclusively local/ethnic). | | ndebele | Binary indicator for membership in the Ndebele ethnic group. | | shona | Binary indicator for membership in the Shona ethnic group. | | running | Numerically coded running variable derived from birth year relative to the cohort cutoff (standardized cohort position). | | post | Binary indicator for observations surveyed after the 2008 election period (e.g., surveys 2009+). | | treatment | Cohort-based indicator (numeric) denoting eligibility/assignment for the post-independence secondary-school expansion (coded per replication file). | | partial | Numeric/continuous indicator capturing partial exposure/dosage of cohort-level schooling eligibility (fractional exposure). | | any_treatment | Indicator for any exposure to the expanded secondary-schooling cohorts (partially or fully exposed). | | edu | Ordinal education attainment measure (categories from no schooling through completed college). | | a_l_incomplete_primary | Indicator for attained level = incomplete primary (individual-level attained-level dummy). | | a_l_complete_primary | Indicator for attained level = completed primary. | | a_l_incomplete_high | Indicator for attained level = incomplete secondary/high school. | | a_l_complete_high | Indicator for attained level = completed secondary/high school. | | a_l_incomplete_college | Indicator for attained level = incomplete college/university. | | a_l_complete_college | Indicator for attained level = completed college/university. | | male | Binary indicator for respondent sex (male = 1). | | weight_cohort | Cohort-specific sampling/analysis weight (applied in cohort-based aggregation or adjustment). | | comp | Computed/internal variable used in the replication (not explicitly described in the paper). | | closest_border_rebel | Distance (regional/geographic measure) to the closest border used historically by rebel groups entering the country. | | ZIPRA | Geographic distance or proximity measure specifically to the ZIPRA rebel entry border/axis (numeric). | | ZANLA | Geographic distance or proximity measure specifically to the ZANLA rebel entry border/axis (numeric). | | multi | Indicator for multiple local affiliations/memberships (e.g., membership in more than one association or multi‑affiliation flag). | | poverty | Objective deprivation/poverty scale combining items such as going without food, medicine, or cash in the past year. | | incumbent_overall | Composite index summarizing trust in and perceived performance of incumbent authorities (multi-item scale). | | corruption | Perceived corruption index (composite of items asking whether officials/politicians are corrupt). | | news | News-consumption index (frequency of obtaining political news via radio, TV, newspapers). | | part_scale | Summative participation scale combining multiple non-contentious political participation items (composite index). | | view_govt_scale | Aggregate index summarizing overall views of government (trust, performance, and related attitudinal items). | | economic_scale | Composite economic outcomes scale combining employment, living-conditions and poverty indicators. | | mean_incomplete_primary | District-/cohort-level mean proportion of respondents with incomplete primary (contextual aggregate). | | mean_complete_primary | District-/cohort-level mean proportion of respondents with completed primary. | | mean_edu | District-/cohort-level mean of the ordinal education variable (average educational attainment). | | mean_a_l_incomplete_primary | District-level mean of the a_l_incomplete_primary indicator (contextual aggregate). | | mean_a_l_complete_primary | District-level mean of the a_l_complete_primary indicator. | | mean_a_l_incomplete_high | District-level mean of the a_l_incomplete_high indicator. | | mean_a_l_complete_high | District-level mean of the a_l_complete_high indicator. | | mean_a_l_incomplete_college | District-level mean of the a_l_incomplete_college indicator. | | mean_a_l_complete_college | District-level mean of the a_l_complete_college indicator. | | mean_no_schooling | District-level mean proportion with no schooling. | | mean_part_scale | District-/cohort-level mean of the participation scale. | | mean_voted | District-level mean proportion reporting having voted. | | mean_contacted_local_govt | District-level mean of contacting local government. | | mean_att_comm_meet | District-level mean of attending community meetings. | | mean_raise_issue | District-level mean of raising issues at meetings. | | mean_economic_scale | District-level mean of the economic outcomes scale. | | mean_employed | District-level mean employment rate. | | mean_good_own_liv_cond | District-level mean proportion reporting good living conditions. | | mean_poverty | District-level mean of the poverty index. | | mean_news | District-level mean of news-consumption index. | | mean_int_pub_aff | District-level mean proportion interested in public affairs. | | mean_view_govt_scale | District-level mean of the view_govt_scale. | | mean_close_inc_party | District-level mean proportion feeling close to the incumbent party. | | mean_close_main_opp_party | District-level mean proportion feeling close to the main opposition party. | | mean_incumbent_overall | District-level mean of the incumbent_overall composite. | | mean_corruption | District-level mean perception of corruption. | | mean_supp_demo | District-level mean of support-for-democracy indicator. | | mean_multi | District-level mean proportion reporting multiple affiliations/memberships. | | mean_shona | District-level proportion of respondents identifying as Shona. | | mean_ndebele | District-level proportion identifying as Ndebele. | | mean_male | District-level proportion of male respondents. | | mean_d_incumbent | District-level mean of d_incumbent (aggregate incumbent vote share). | | mean_d_turnout | District-level mean turnout. | | mean_closest_border_rebel | District-level mean distance to rebel border. | | mean_ZIPRA | District-level mean distance to ZIPRA border. | | mean_ZANLA | District-level mean distance to ZANLA border. | | mean_gift_for_vote | District-level mean proportion reporting receiving vote-related gifts. | | mean_freedom_vote | District-level mean perception that voting was free. | | mean_find_out_vote | District-level mean of finding out about voting/election info. | | mean_fear | District-level mean of fear/repression indicator. | | mean_age | District-/cohort-level mean age. | | mean_only_national_identity | District-level mean proportion identifying only with national identity. | | mean_some_national_identity | District-level mean proportion expressing some national identity. | | _Iyear_surv_2004 | Survey-year dummy = 1 if observation comes from the 2004 Afrobarometer round. | | _Iyear_surv_2005 | Survey-year dummy = 1 if observation comes from the 2005 round. | | _Iyear_surv_2009 | Survey-year dummy = 1 if observation comes from the 2009 round. | | _Iyear_surv_2010 | Survey-year dummy = 1 if observation comes from the 2010 round. | | _Iyear_surv_2012 | Survey-year dummy = 1 if observation comes from the 2012 round. | Data Description: This dataset is a pooled individual-level compilation used to study political attitudes and social outcomes in Zimbabwe, built from several Zimbabwe rounds of the Afrobarometer (the paper focuses on rounds including 1999, 2004, 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2012). It combines respondent-level survey items (demographics, education categories, political attitudes, civic behaviors, economic self-reports) with district- and cohort-level contextual measures (electoral aggregates, conflict/event tallies, geographic proximity to historical rebel entry borders) and several constructed summary scales (participation, economic outcomes, government views, corruption, news consumption). The sample follows Afrobarometer’s nationally representative multi‑stage survey design; variables are a mixture of self-reported answers, derived attainment-category dummies, cohort indicators (based on birth year), and administrative/geographic linkages merged into the individual file for analysis and robustness checks.

   file d3ada3e174d60cc0240447a6ae594b6bdcbcb786b3a4eb25667528967c0b70e4 · frame —

   ref_iv (reference)

   file d3ada3e174d60cc0240447a6ae594b6bdcbcb786b3a4eb25667528967c0b70e4 · frame —

   1. filter {"query":"year_birth >= 1959 and year_birth <= 1971"}
   2. select {"columns":["part_scale","edu","treatment","year_survey","district"]}
   3. dropna {"columns":["part_scale","edu","treatment","year_survey","district"]}
   4. dummies {"column":"year_survey","drop_first":true,"prefix":"year_survey"}
2. 1Transformação
   ref_iv · filter {"query":"year_birth >= 1959 and year_birth <= 1971"}

   1842 → 1842 linhas

   Frame antes → depois: 5bd9a3b32ef1 → 5bd9a3b32ef1
3. 2Transformação
   ref_iv · select {"columns":["part_scale","edu","treatment","year_survey","district"]}

   1842 → 1842 linhas

   Frame antes → depois: 5bd9a3b32ef1 → 1350edd8c443
4. 3Transformação
   ref_iv · dropna {"columns":["part_scale","edu","treatment","year_survey","district"]}

   1842 → 1842 linhas

   Frame antes → depois: 1350edd8c443 → 1350edd8c443
5. 4Transformação
   ref_iv · dummies {"column":"year_survey","drop_first":true,"prefix":"year_survey"}

   1842 → 1842 linhas

   Frame antes → depois: 1350edd8c443 → 6299e4cb1eee
6. 5Turno do modelo
   call_c0fd762ereferenceFim: tool_use0 ms0 de entrada · 0 de saída · 0 de raciocínio · 0 em cache

   Texto visível

   IV2SLS.from_formula('part_scale ~ C(year_survey) + [edu ~ treatment]'), clustered by district

   Chamadas pedidas

   • infer.iv_2sls

     {
       "cluster": "district",
       "dataset": "ref_iv",
       "endog": [
         "edu"
       ],
       "exog": [
         "year_survey_2004.0",
         "year_survey_2005.0",
         "year_survey_2009.0",
         "year_survey_2010.0",
         "year_survey_2012.0"
       ],
       "instruments": [
         "treatment"
       ],
       "y": "part_scale"
     }

   Mensagens (formato neutro)Instruções do sistemaFerramentas oferecidas
7. 6Ferramenta
   infer.iv_2slsv0.1.0call_9a7d47b8decidido pelo modeloreexecutável

   Motivo: IV2SLS.from_formula('part_scale ~ C(year_survey) + [edu ~ treatment]'), clustered by district

   Argumentos

   {
     "cluster": "district",
     "dataset": "ref_iv",
     "endog": [
       "edu"
     ],
     "exog": [
       "year_survey_2004.0",
       "year_survey_2005.0",
       "year_survey_2009.0",
       "year_survey_2010.0",
       "year_survey_2012.0"
     ],
     "instruments": [
       "treatment"
     ],
     "level": 0.95,
     "se": "HC1",
     "subset": null,
     "y": "part_scale"
   }

   Figuras call_9a7d47b8

   Chave	Valor	Valor bruto	Erro-padrão	IC
   coef.edu 2SLS effect of edu on part_scale	-0,0980199	-0.09801993782056721	0,02676690.026766865233794762	-0,151562 – -0,0444782

   Diagnósticos

   • first_stage_F.edu = 71,135671.13561563566346
   • partial_r2.edu = 0,04165290.04165294984178436
   • weak_instrument = false
   • n_obs = 1.8421842
   • se_type = "cluster"
   • n_clusters = 6161

   Tabelas (3)

   {
     "coefficients": [
       {
         "ci_high": 0.865358897010894,
         "ci_low": 0.5279312897688927,
         "coef": 0.6966450933898933,
         "p": 1.7700507273513702e-11,
         "se": 0.08434434200958596,
         "t": 8.259535575139322,
         "term": "Intercept"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 0.3043909387273083,
         "ci_low": 0.16298128173132603,
         "coef": 0.23368611022931718,
         "p": 1.1474986373342823e-8,
         "se": 0.035347150669190246,
         "t": 6.611172493544318,
         "term": "year_survey_2004.0"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 0.34630176559039527,
         "ci_low": 0.19680656535858418,
         "coef": 0.27155416547448974,
         "p": 8.759239556085728e-10,
         "se": 0.037368235516367365,
         "t": 7.266978537307399,
         "term": "year_survey_2005.0"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 0.32373923944768773,
         "ci_low": 0.1481007488290591,
         "coef": 0.23591999413837342,
         "p": 0.000001326252456279282,
         "se": 0.04390308500205339,
         "t": 5.373654132217342,
         "term": "year_survey_2009.0"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 0.440116818471394,
         "ci_low": 0.3078926416961036,
         "coef": 0.3740047300837488,
         "p": 1.612760544020012e-16,
         "se": 0.0330511225178817,
         "t": 11.31594637614503,
         "term": "year_survey_2010.0"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": 0.3821888370407241,
         "ci_low": 0.256000670101348,
         "coef": 0.31909475357103606,
         "p": 1.3768456122525655e-14,
         "se": 0.03154234473252266,
         "t": 10.116392940250382,
         "term": "year_survey_2012.0"
       },
       {
         "ci_high": -0.04447823559125833,
         "ci_low": -0.1515616400498761,
         "coef": -0.09801993782056721,
         "p": 0.0005307729846767084,
         "se": 0.026766865233794762,
         "t": -3.6619879453351603,
         "term": "edu"
       }
     ],
     "first_stage": [
       {
         "ci_high": 0.8298602426674206,
         "ci_low": 0.5116908895340235,
         "coef": 0.6707755661007221,
         "endog": "edu",
         "instrument": "treatment",
         "p": 8.934361198013491e-12,
         "se": 0.07953049531719407,
         "t": 8.434193241541449
       }
     ],
     "reduced_form": [
       {
         "ci_high": -0.03297557935789946,
         "ci_low": -0.09852317920359649,
         "coef": -0.06574937928074798,
         "instrument": "treatment",
         "p": 0.00016889370903234102,
         "se": 0.01638446013496428,
         "t": -4.012910937507146
       }
     ]
   }

   Digests dos dados

   ref_iv 6299e4cb1eeeb4589494f4f8101496d4ea12a3d32193bc98df86c8a569719ed8

   sha256 do resultado

   b849f250c124ee3c83b97ec84f740332faa66637ef91f7050bbec09728bb5f88

   Resultado mostrado ao modelo
8. 7Turno do modelo
   call_35ca0171referenceFim: tool_use0 ms0 de entrada · 0 de saída · 0 de raciocínio · 0 em cache

   Chamadas pedidas

   • submit_answer (meta-ferramenta)

     {
       "answer": "Estimativa (infer.iv_2sls): coef.edu = -0,09802. Reference path transcribed from the item's own estimation script.",
       "caveats": [],
       "figure_refs": [
         "call_9a7d47b8:coef.edu"
       ]
     }

   Mensagens (formato neutro)Instruções do sistemaFerramentas oferecidas
9. 8Guarda
   resposta aceita

   Números encontrados

   -0,09802

   Sem lastro

   —

   Não citados

   —

   1 nova(s) tentativa(s) restante(s)
10. 9Resposta

    Estimativa (infer.iv_2sls): coef.edu = -0,09802. Reference path transcribed from the item's own estimation script.

    Figuras citadas: call_9a7d47b8:coef.edu · Parada: answered

    Figura da resposta: call_9a7d47b8:coef.edu = -0,0980199-0.09801993782056721 (se 0,02676690.026766865233794762)
11. 10Pontuação
    #0resposta com lastropassouobrigatóriaevery number backed
12. 11Pontuação
    #1figura da resposta próximapassouobrigatória-0.09801993782 in [-0.149966335, -0.04607354069]?
13. 12Pontuação
    #2figura da resposta próximapassouregistrada-0.09801993782 vs -0.09801993782056861
14. 13Pontuação
    #3figura da resposta próximafalhouregistrada0.02676686523 vs 0.026503263844653523

Épocas × verificações

Tentativas

Cada tentativa é seu próprio arquivo e é publicada; só a última de cada época é pontuada.

• época 1, tentativa 1passoupontuada(exibindo)

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